To get a good harvest of Far North tomatoes, you need to make a lot of effort. Although appreciated for its unpretentiousness, it does not need to be stepsoned and garter and forgives small agrotechnical mistakes to beginning vegetable growers, but it is better to know the main stages of caring for the crop.
Far North tomatoes are round and oblong, smooth and ribbed
Tomato Seeds Far North
Tomatoes Extreme North stunted, maximum bush growth 55 cm
Grade description
Tomato The far north is grown in open ground or under shelters. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, for the preparation of a variety of salads and preservation.
The variety belongs to the determinant type, that is, the height of the bush does not exceed 55 cm. The first inflorescence is formed after the appearance of 2-3 leaves. Up to 6 simple inflorescences are usually formed on a bush.
The leaves are medium in size, their color varies from green to dark green. This tomato not only tolerates low temperatures, but also differs in early maturity. From the appearance of seedlings to harvesting, only 80-90 days pass.
The variety was bred by the agricultural enterprise "Biochemist" specifically for the northern regions of Russia. It is entered in the State registry in 2007.
Fruit characterization and yield
Fruits are rounded or slightly elongated in shape, smooth or slightly ribbed with medium density. Unripe tomatoes have a green color, ripe - red. The mass of one fruit is 60-80 g. Its pulp is juicy with a sweet taste, medium dense. Inside the tomato there are 4-6 chambers.
Fruits are characterized by versatility, they are used both fresh and used for juice and preservation.
From one bush, on average, up to 1.5 kg of fruits are harvested. But proper care and favorable weather conditions have a positive effect on productivity, and then up to 3 kg of tomatoes can be collected from one bush.
When planting plants with a thickened method, 8 bushes per 1 sq. Km. m, from such a site collect up to 16 kg of tomatoes.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Like any variety, tomato Red North has its advantages and disadvantages. So, among the positive qualities noted:
- unpretentiousness - the variety is suitable for beginners in gardening;
- cold resistance;
- fast and friendly ripening;
- the versatility of the fruit;
- minimal care - the bushes do not need garter and pinching;
- resistance to apical and root rot.
In the northern regions, rotting of the root system is an “acute” issue, since climatic conditions favor this process - low air temperatures, coupled with high soil moisture, are an ideal environment for the development of putrefactive microorganisms. This tomato is also not susceptible to late blight - because of the early ripening of the fruit, it does not have time to affect it.
The disadvantages of some gardeners include:
- palatability of tomatoes;
- productivity.
However, it is worth remembering that there is no companion for the taste and color, and the yield largely depends on the growing region, weather conditions and care. Therefore, each gardener decides for himself whether this variety is suitable for him or not in these categories.
We suggest you watch a video in which a gardener from Yakutia harvests a crop of Far North tomatoes:
Seedling Selection
If there is no time to grow seedlings on their own, then they buy it, choosing according to the following criteria:
- age 45-60 days;
- 6-8 true leaflets, healthy looking, green;
- height no more than 30 cm;
- stem diameter 5-7 mm;
- well-developed root system, without damage;
- lack of formed fruits.
Before buying, carefully inspect the seedlings for pests that can settle under the leaves. Do not acquire seedlings if:
- leaves of bright, unnatural green color, this suggests that they were treated with nitrogen-containing substances;
- the leaves are twisted and deformed, this is the first sign of the presence of diseases.
Soil and fertilizer
The key to successful tomato cultivation is the soil. The soil should be light and loose, have good moisture and air permeability.
They dig the earth, carefully clean it from the roots, plant debris. Be sure to bring potash and phosphorus fertilizers to fertile lands, and organic to infertile ones. Acidic soils lime, because the tomato prefers to grow on light soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction of the environment. For this purpose, use dolomite flour, slaked lime, crushed chalk.
Suitable for fertilizers and rotted manure, which additionally contribute superphosphate. This mixture is scattered on the surface of the entire dug out beds.
In any case, the potassium norm should be 2-2.5 times the amount of nitrogen introduced. For 1 square. m for tomatoes on average make 50-60 g of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and 80-100 g of potash. If urea is used as a nitrogen fertilizer, then it is taken 1.5 times less than other nitrogen-containing substances. A comparative description of two fertilizers: urea and ammonium nitrate is presented in this article.
Excessive nitrogen concentration in the soil negatively affects the development of the plant. The tomato begins to grow very quickly, stretch. It blooms profusely, but the fruits are poorly formed and yield from the bush decreases.
For prophylaxis against insect pests in the spring, before planting seedlings or sowing seeds, the soil is shed with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. Substance is dissolved in 10 l of water). m spend up to 1.5 liters of the prepared solution.
Growing conditions
Tomatoes Far North require certain conditions for growing:
- Temperature. The maximum yield can be achieved if the tomatoes are provided with a constant temperature during the day 20-26 ° C, at night - not lower than 16 ° C. If the columns of the thermometer rise above the required mark or fall below, then the bush stops in development, the same thing happens with sudden changes.
- Humidity. Tomatoes are drought tolerant. The humidity level should not be lower than 70%. For ovary 1 kg of fruit requires 120 liters of water per 1 bush. Humidity does not affect the growth and development of the bush.
- Shine. Tomatoes need enough light. The daylight hours are 12-14 hours. When growing seedlings, it is worth prolonging daylight hours with the help of special lamps.
A bed of tomatoes is prepared in the fall. In one place they are grown for 2-3 years in a row, but with the obligatory introduction of organic fertilizers. The best predecessors of tomatoes are:
- cabbage;
- cucumber;
- onion;
- zucchini.
You can not plant tomatoes after his relatives in the nightshade family - pepper, eggplant, physalis, potatoes. After them, the culture is planted no earlier than 3 years later.
Growing seedlings from seeds
In order to grow strong, healthy and abundant fruiting bushes, high-quality seedlings are required. It is grown on its own or purchased from trusted sellers. Sowing time depends on the region of cultivation. They repel from the period when spring frosts end. When growing seedlings from seeds, some rules are followed. The process takes place in several stages.
Seed preparation
Before sowing, the seeds are prepared and hardened. They are put in a bag and heated in hot water (45 ° C) or on a battery for 3 hours.
Then the bag with the contents is sent to the potassium permanganate solution for 25-30 minutes (1 g of the substance is dissolved in 100 ml of water). After soaking, the seeds are washed well and put in for 24 hours:
- in a solution of boric acid (0.5 g per 1 liter of water);
- or a solution of wood ash (2 tbsp. ash and 1 liter of water);
- or use a solution of ash and mullein (each component will need 1/2 tsp., which are added to 1 l of water).
Next, the seeds are germinated. Half fill them with warm water and wait for them to hatch. Water is changed 3 times a day.
Hatching seeds are hardened in a refrigerator on medium shelves for 19 hours, then they are kept at room temperature for 5 hours. Such an alternation of heat and cold is carried out for 6 days, making sure that the seed material is always moist. Seeds prepared in this way are sown on seedlings or in open ground.
Soil preparation
For seedlings, a loose, permeable soil mixture of turf soil, humus and sand, taken in a ratio of 2: 2: 1, is prepared. 6-7 days before sowing, it is moisturized.
On the day of sowing, soil is poured into the tank with a layer of 5-7 cm, leveled and slightly tamped. Then it is watered with a hot solution of copper sulfate (1 hour per 10 liters of water).
About soil disinfection before planting seedlings, read here.
Content and location
For growing seedlings, plastic cups, special cassettes, boxes, containers and similar suitable containers are used. I fill it with soil mixture. Place the containers on the windowsill on the south side or in a warm room in which the optimum temperature is ensured.
When sowing, the temperature should be kept at + 20-25 ° C.
A week after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are quenched, the temperature is reduced by day to + 12 ... + 15 ° C and +6 ° C at night. Under such conditions, future seedlings contain about 5-7 days, until the first true leaf appears. After that, return it to a comfortable temperature.
Planting seeds
Seeds are sown for seedlings in early to mid-April in the prepared soil. Do this as follows:
- Capacities with crops put in a warm place. Covering them with film or glass to accelerate the emergence of seedlings is optional. With regular watering, high-quality seeds sprout together and do not stay in the ground.
- Seeds are sown in moist ground.
- Furrows are made, the distance between them is 5-7 cm.
- Water them from the teapot and put the seeds at a distance of 1.5-2 cm.
- After sowing from above, they are sprinkled lightly with soil. The depth of sowing seeds is 1-2 cm.
A good option for planting seeds will be the use of peat tablets. They are pre-soaked, and the soil mixture is poured into plastic cups and spilled with warm water. The seeds are spread on the surface of the tablets, for better germination from above, the Zircon stimulator is pipetted onto them (2 drops of the product per 100 ml of water, flow rate - 1 drop per 1 seed). Top seeds sprinkled with a small amount of substrate.
Seedling care
Tanks with shoots are left in a bright place where the air temperature does not fall below 16 ° C heat. Pick picking is carried out when 2 true leaves appear on the plants, and the stems grow stronger. They are planted in separate pots, whose diameter is at least 10 cm. The sprouted seedlings are shaded for 2-3 days, that is, transferred to the shade so that the sun's rays do not fall on it.
In the first week after diving, the seedlings are kept at a temperature of 20-22 ° C in clear weather, on a cloudy day it is enough for 15-16 ° C of heat. As soon as 4-5 true leaves appear on the plant, the temperature is reduced to 18 ° C during the day and 14-15 ° C at night. On cloudy days, the temperature can be 2-3 ° C lower.
Seedlings are watered sparingly on sunny days in the early morning. Excess moisture in the soil and increased air humidity leads to rapid growth of plants and their fragility, which is fraught with a breakage of the stem during transplantation. On the other hand, the lack of soil moisture negatively affects the yield of tomatoes. A week before planting young plants at a permanent place, watering is reduced.
Transplanting seedlings into the ground
Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in May and early June:
- The air should warm in the daytime to + 14 ... + 15 ° C, and the soil to + 10 ... + 12 ° C.
- Small holes are dug on the bed, the distance between which is left 30-40 cm.
- Pits are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
- Seedlings are buried 2 cm to cotyledon leaves.
- Strongly stretched seedlings are planted at an angle, falling asleep to the stem 1/4 or 1/3 of the height.
Some vegetable growers advise feeding tomatoes with yeast. It is made a day before planting 10 g of fresh yeast and 10 l of water. 220 ml of “yeast” water is poured into the hole, and then the plants take their place.
After planting, the soil at the roots is tightly pressed, the mound should not remain on the stem, and watered abundantly with water.
Topping seedlings is also necessary. The first top dressing is carried out in 8-12 days after a dive, using mineral fertilizers. They are bought ready-made in the store or the mixture is made independently.
In 10 l of water is dissolved:
- 5 g of ammonium nitrate;
- 15 g of potassium chloride;
- 40 g of superphosphate.
If necessary, top dressing is repeated 10 days after the first.
10 days before transplanting seedlings into open ground, it is tempered, gradually lowering daytime and nighttime temperatures. For 3-4 days, plants take out to fresh air at night.
Outdoor care and cultivation
The care and cultivation of tomatoes from seeds in the open field is largely similar to the cultivation of seedlings, however, there are also its own characteristics of the process.
Harvest with this cultivation will appear 3 weeks later.
Outdoor conditions
Since the Far North tomato is one of the most cold-resistant varieties, the seeds can be sowed fearlessly immediately into the soil. In the southern regions, they are sown in warm land as soon as the frost ends. In the northern regions, sowing is carried out at the end of April, but the bed is covered with transparent covering material. It will protect the tender shoots from direct sun and cold snap.
Although this tomato is cold-resistant, the plant does not tolerate subzero temperatures.
Planting seeds in the ground
When planting seeds directly in the soil, the following rules are followed:
- seeds are planted dry;
- the holes are made to a depth of 30-40 cm;
- the distance between the holes is 40 cm;
- 3-4 seeds are placed in one nest;
- after sowing, they are watered with warm water and covered with a film, which is periodically removed so that air enters the seedlings;
- thin out seedlings after the appearance of 4-5 leaves, leaving one strong shoot in the nest.
Watering
Drip irrigation is suitable for tomatoes. If it is not possible to organize such a method of irrigation, then remember that the root system of tomatoes lies deep, therefore, for 1 square. m pour 8-10 liters of water.
Typically, tomatoes are watered once a week with warm, settled water. To prevent moisture from evaporating quickly, the soil is mulched around the roots. But weekly watering should not be taken as a rule, since it is necessary to focus on the weather.
With a large amount of precipitation, watering is not carried out and the land is not mulched. Retention of moisture in the soil at high humidity provokes the process of root decay.
Loosening, weeding and hilling
Loosening will help to cope with increased soil moisture. Perform the procedure every 2 weeks. The first time the soil is loosened with a fork or a shovel between rows to a depth of 12-15 cm. Then, with a chopper, 5-8 cm in depth.
Timely weeding of weeds will help to avoid the mass appearance of pests. Carry it out as the soil becomes weedy. As a rule, weeding is combined with loosening.
At the same time as loosening and weeding, they carry out an earthing up process - pour a moist hill around the stem. The first time the procedure is carried out 2-3 weeks after planting, the second - 2 weeks after the first.
Top dressing
Tomato responds well to dressing. Depending on the fertility of the land, it is fed from 1 to 3 times per season:
- fertilizers are applied 2 weeks after sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings to a permanent place;
- before flowering;
- before fruit ripening.
Fertilizers use mineral or organic. Nitrogen-rich products are used for the first feeding, as it is responsible for the growth and growth of green mass. They are fed with ammonium nitrate (15 g per 10 liters of water, consumption - 1 liter per bush). Mullein diluted in water (1:10) and chicken droppings (1:15) are also used. Consumption - 1 liter per bush.
In the period of budding and fruit ovary, mineral fertilizers rich in potassium and phosphorus are used. Use 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium chloride per 1 square. m. Fall asleep in grooves made at a distance of 20 cm from the bushes. Fertilizer soil is well moistened.
Top dressing is carried out in the evening.
Harvesting and storage
The fruits ripen together. By the end of August, the plant completely gives up the entire crop. The fruits are harvested during the day when there is no dew on the bushes. If the tomatoes did not have time to ripen, but they had to be picked, bring them to ripeness in the room at a temperature of 20-25 ° C.
Ripe fruits are used immediately for food or stored on shelves in ventilated rooms at an ambient temperature of 18-25 ° C for no more than 30 days. If there is a need for transportation, then rip off brown tomatoes.
Diseases and pests, prevention
The Far North tomato, as mentioned above, is resistant to certain diseases, but it can still get sick. The main cause of disease is poor crop care. It is the mistakes in agricultural technology that provoke the development of gray mold, powdery mildew, white and black spotting, and cladosporiosis. To prevent this from happening, take the following measures:
- Use fungicides that destroy the causative agents of fungal and bacterial diseases - "Pseudobacterin-2", "Strobi" and others. When using fungicides, all recommendations given by the manufacturer, including dosage, frequency of treatment, must be observed.
- Preventive treatment of bushes at the beginning of the growing season with copper-containing preparations — a solution of copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid, “Hom”, “Abiga Peak” helps to prevent mold.
- Of the pests, a spider mite, aphid, scoop, whitefly, slugs most often attack a tomato. With a small number of them, tomato processing will help get rid of onion infusion - 200 g of husk is poured into 1 liter of warm water and insisted for 24 hours. With a massive invasion of insects, more radical means are used - insecticides, for example, Lightning, Fastak, Marshal, and others.
- From slugs, sprinkling of soil near the bush with wood ash, tobacco dust, lime or ground pepper helps.
Not all bushes can be cured. If the bush was damaged by a viral infection - a viral streak, mosaic or bacterial diseases such as verticillosis wilt, bacterial cancer, then the plant is completely dug up and burned.
Tomato Viral Strick
Mosaic leaf of tomato
Verticillus wilting tomato
Bacterial Cancer on Tomatoes
Possible problems and mistakes when growing
The presence of any problems will tell the appearance of the plant. For example:
- Swirling leaves. Such leaves on a thick stem indicate an excess of nitrogen. It is washed out of the soil with abundant watering. Twisted up leaves indicate a lack of minerals, in this case they are fed with complex fertilizers. And if only the bottom sheets are twisted, then they reduce watering.
Also, this attack is caused by an attack of aphids, spider mites and whiteflies. They can be found when examining the bushes. Insecticides are used to kill insects. - Shedding of ovaries. It speaks of insufficient watering, small fruits will also indicate this, in this case it is necessary to establish regular watering.
- Wilted look and twisted leaves. They talk about the presence of the virus, complex feeding and watering will help. If the plant does not return to normal after the measures taken, it is removed and burned.
- Yellowing sheets. If it starts from the center of the leaf, then the plant does not have enough potassium, they solve the problem by applying potassium-containing fertilizers.
Grade Reviews
Oksana, 45 years old, teacher, Moscow region. To be honest, I bought the “Far North” only because of the name, believing that if it was north, then it was most likely cold-resistant and it turned out to be right. He grew on my street, I did not tie him up. Tomatoes are ugly small but tasty. I liked that they blush all at once together on the bush. Now he is on my favorite lists.
Anatoly Stepanovich, 56 years old, pensioner, Rostov Region. Wonderful grade! Pleases with its unpretentiousness - I only water it, and from time to time, I feed it. And most importantly, it does not suffer from late blight, and, believe me, I know this infection firsthand.
Dmitry Alexandrovich, 64 years old, farmer, Voronezh region. The variety is one of my favorites, tolerates low temperatures well. I plant it directly in the open ground, cover it with ordinary glass jars. There has never been a problem with these tomatoes!
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The Far North tomato is suitable for cultivation throughout Russia. Both an experienced and a beginner gardener will cope with it, since this variety is undemanding to care, tolerates the vagaries of nature and has immunity to diseases. Also, tomato is distinguished by excellent keeping quality, portability and excellent taste.