Goats are valued for their undemanding conditions and good health. The cause of their diseases is, most often, violation of sanitation rules, non-compliance with the conditions of detention and feeding. Every goat breeder needs to know how to prevent diseases, how to recognize their symptoms, and what to do if the animal is sick.
Infectious diseases
This is the most dangerous group of diseases that spread in different ways - through air, water, food, direct contact. Infections can have different etiologies - viral, bacterial, fungal. You should know that many infectious diseases of goats are dangerous to humans.
Brucellosis
The causative agent is the bacterium Brucella melitensis. An animal can become infected in different ways. The bacterium enters the body through sexual contact, through wounds, along with food and water. Infection can also be caused by abortion - with blood and amniotic fluid. The disease is dangerous to humans.
Symptoms Passes almost asymptomatically. Diagnosis is possible only on the basis of a blood test. An alarming signal can be frequent miscarriages in females and swollen testes in males. Also, with brucellosis, joint diseases can be observed, then the goat is difficult to stand up and even difficult to move.
Treatment. The disease is incurable. If the diagnosis is made, the animal is sent for slaughter, and the room is subjected to disinfection.
Prevention The herd is mandatory examined every six months - a bacteriological analysis is done. Buy animals only from trusted sellers.
Pasteurellosis
Called by pasteurella - this pathogen is not resistant to disinfectants. Dies at 70-90 ° C in 5-10 minutes. The pathogenic microorganism survives in water and land for 26 days, in manure - 72 days. Infection - from sick individuals, through feces, mucus from the nose.
Symptoms The incubation period is from 4-5 hours to 2-3 days. Symptoms depend on the course of the disease, it can be:
- Sharp. There is a sharp increase in temperature and diarrhea. But sometimes the disease is asymptomatic.
- Subacute. Temperature up to 41-42 ° С. Depression, damage to the respiratory system - the animal breathes hoarsely, coughs, mucus flows from the nose. Goats also show signs of conjunctivitis, swelling in the intermaxillary space, and diarrhea.
- Chronic. Exhaustion, anemia, swelling of the legs and joints are observed.
Treatment. The diagnosis is made on the basis of bacteriological examination of the internal organs of dead animals. Symptoms are similar to paratyphoid and anthrax. Sick animals are injected with serum from pasteurellosis - 60-80 ml. They give antibiotics - tetracycline. Recommended sulfonamide drugs and symptomatic agents.
Forecasts. Mortality - up to 75%. An ultra-sharp current usually leads to an early death. With a subacute course, cure occurs after 5 days.
Prevention Vaccination of healthy individuals. Increased immunity in animals in contact with sick individuals. Disinfection of premises.
Listeriosis
This disease affects almost all types of animals, as well as humans. The disease affects the nervous system, causes abortion, mastitis and septic effects. The causative agent - Listeria, a bacterium that is extremely stable in the environment - is stored in the soil, on plants. Infection occurs from sick animals, through urine, feces, milk. There are also listerium animals.
Symptoms The incubation period is 7-30 days. The course is acute, subacute, chronic. Clinical manifestations are diverse, distinguish between nervous, septic, genital, atypical and asymptomatic forms. With a nervous form, such symptoms:
- oppression;
- heat;
- photophobia;
- lack of appetite;
- diarrhea;
- spasm;
- twisted neck;
- coma.
Treatment. There is no effective specific treatment. At the beginning of the disease, tetracycline antibiotics are administered. Do chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline or tetracycline 2-3 times a day. Dosage of 25-30 mg per 1 kg.
Forecasts. With the nervous form of the disease, animals usually die after 10 days. Genital form leads to abortion and mastitis. Atypical form is a rare occurrence. The forecasts are rather unfavorable.
Prevention The bacterium is easily deactivated using conventional disinfectants. Quarantine new animals. Timely sending to slaughter animals with signs of listeriosis.
In nature, there is a special kind of animal - fainting or falling goats. Paralysis often occurs with them - from fear or surprise. The animal faints for 10-15 seconds. It should be remembered that all goats are extremely shy, and stress is a common cause of disease.
Foot and mouth disease
A dangerous disease caused by an RNA virus (a bacteriophage in which the genome is represented by an RNA molecule). Once in the body of an animal, the virus multiplies rapidly. First, epithelial cells are affected, then the virus spreads to the entire body. Infection occurs on pastures, in places of detention, from sick animals. The virus penetrates through the wounds and mucous membranes.
Symptoms The disease has an acute course. In sick individuals observed:
- heat;
- oppression;
- a drop in milk yield in dairy goats;
- loss of appetite;
- animals limp;
- salivation;
- the mouth, nose wings, udder and hooves are covered with small ulcerations, which burst after 2-3 days;
- ulcers oozing goo.
Treatment. There is no effective treatment. As a rule, resort to complex treatment, the success of which depends on the condition of the animal, its age and immunity. The diseased individuals are separated from the herd, the milk is boiled, the room is disinfected with a hot solution of iodine monochloride. The order of treatment:
- give light feed;
- the oral cavity is washed 3-4 times a day with potassium permanganate (a solution of weak pink color);
- treat the affected area with an antiseptic;
- smear hooves with birch tar.
If the animal copes with the disease, it will acquire immunity to foot and mouth disease. Recovery occurs in about a week.
Forecasts. The disease is especially dangerous for kids - from foot-and-mouth disease 50% of patients die. With timely and adequate treatment, there is a chance of recovery.
Prevention Animals need to be purchased only in proven farms. Quarantine a new animal. Carefully inspect the herd in order to timely identify the disease, maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the premises where goats are kept.
Smallpox
The causative agent is the Sheep capripoxvirus virus. Penetrates into the cells of the epithelium. At low temperatures, it persists for more than two years. When freezing - infinitely long. On the premises it remains dangerous for up to six months, on pastures - two months. When heated to a temperature of 53 ° C, dies within 15 minutes. At risk are fine-fleeced sheep and young animals.
In humans, smallpox has been known for 3,700 years, and the fact that it affects small cattle became known much later. The infection of smallpox for goats was proven in the 18th century.
Symptoms Pathology develops in stages:
- At first the animal is depressed, and then fever begins.
- After two days, reddish spots (roseola) appear.
- Within three days, roseola are transformed into papules (nodules) with a red lining.
- Papules turn into vesicles (vesicles filled with serous fluid) for 5-6 days.
- Suppuration lasts three days (pus accumulates in the vesicles).
- Drying of pustules, the appearance of scabs and scarring.
The disease is accompanied by:
- inflammation of the mucous surfaces of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract;
- erosion and even ulceration in the pharynx and trachea;
- hemorrhages on the inner integument, in the lung tissue - focal gangrene;
- enlarged spleen and lymph nodes;
- discoloration of the liver;
- myocardial flabbiness.
External symptoms:
- swelling of the eyelids;
- serous, and then purulent discharge from the nose;
- labored breathing;
- a pink rash (head, lips, udder, genitals) is transformed in accordance with the stages described above.
Treatment. There is no special effective treatment. Therapy aims to relieve symptoms and support the immune system. Animals are given antibiotics, which are necessary to prevent complications. Patients are transferred to isolators, they are fed intensively, preferring semi-liquid food.
Forecasts. In severe cases - slaughter. With strong immunity and ensuring optimal conditions, recovery is possible.
Prevention Compliance with quarantine measures. New animals - quarantine for a month. Regular inspection of the herd by a veterinarian. The stock is recommended to vaccinate.
Infectious pleuropneumonia
The causative agent is a virus of the genus Mycoplasma, which penetrates the body, leading to damage to the lungs and pleura. The disease is especially dangerous for individuals under 3 years of age. Infection occurs from infected animals - by airborne droplets, through coughing, sneezing, urine. The incubation period is 7-24 days.
Symptoms The first sign of the disease is a sharp jump in temperature, then it is observed:
- loss of appetite;
- oppression;
- coughing;
- wheezing
- flow of mucus from the nose.
Treatment. The animals are isolated. Sanitation is carried out in the room and all surfaces are disinfected. Patients are given Osarsol and Novarsenol.
Forecasts. If the animal develops an over-acute course, then death occurs in 12-16 hours. With a normal course and adequate treatment, recovery occurs in 4-5 days.
Prevention If the situation is unfavorable for infectious pleuropneumonia, it is recommended to vaccinate in the month of August. Sanitation should also be observed when keeping, feeding and operating animals.
Infectious mastitis
An acute infectious disease is caused by a pathogenic pathogen that enters the udder of the female. Infection occurs during contact with infected individuals or carriers of the pathogen. The disease affects females who first gave birth.
Symptoms Signs of infectious mastitis:
- bluish-purple color of the udder;
- the affected area of the udder increases and hardens;
- the udder oozes with watery slurry, later pus with blood flows out of it;
- intense heat;
- lack of appetite.
Treatment. Ill goats are isolated in a separate room. The udder is massaged and extruded. Antibiotics are administered intramuscularly - Penicillin or Erythromycin. Inside appoint Norsulfazolum. To inhibit the development of infection, streptomycin or other antibiotics are administered through the milk ducts. The udder is also recommended to be smeared with camphor.
Forecasts. Inflammation often ends with a gangrene udder. In this case, death in 80% of cases.
Prevention Supporting the immunity of pregnant and giving birth to females. Compliance with sanitation and hygiene during milking. Treat nipples with Dermisan - 50 g per 10 liters.
Furunculosis of the udder
This is a purulent-necrotic inflammation of the hair sac or sebaceous glands caused by staphylococcal infection. The bacterium gets inside through scratching and other microtrauma of the skin.
Symptoms Inflammatory processes occur on the sebaceous glands and hair bags. Suppuration begins. The skin turns red and yellow. Boils are dense to the touch. If you touch the inflammation, the goat has painful sensations. Pus, standing out from the boils, leads to the appearance of regular abscesses.
Treatment. On the udder you need to cut the hair. Wash skin with warm soapy water. Then the udder is disinfected, the dried peels of the boils are removed, the affected areas are lubricated with iodine.
Forecasts. If treatment is started on time, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Hygiene of the udder, cleanliness, proper feeding, lack of drafts. Providing vitamins and minerals.
Genital diseases
Diseases of the reproductive organs are divided into androgenic (diseases of the genitourinary organs in males) and obstetric-gynecological pathologies of females.
Symptoms Symptoms depend on the type of disease:
- Orchitis. Inflammation of the testes in goats, accompanied by fever and depression.
- Prolapse of the vagina and uterus. Full or partial. It is observed in the second half of pregnancy.
- Vulvit - inflammation of the vulva.
- Vaginitis - inflammation of the vagina.
- Vestibulitis - inflammation of the vestibule of the vagina.
- Endometritis - inflammation of the uterine mucosa.
Treatment. Therapy is prescribed in accordance with the type of disease and severity. In severe cases, antibiotics are used.
Forecasts. The outcome of treatment is unpredictable - too many factors affect the result.
Prevention Compliance with the rules of maintenance, a complete diet and regular inspection.
Trichophytosis
This disease is also called ringworm. Its causative agents are trichophytone fungi, resistant to heat and disinfectants. It retains activity for a long time in the environment - the fungus can be in the soil, in the goat - on the litter and stock. Carriers are small rodents. Infection also occurs from sick animals. Diseases contribute to adverse weather conditions - cold, humidity, drafts.
Symptoms The duration of the incubation period is 7-30 days. The course is chronic, accompanied by the appearance of rounded spots on the skin. These spots are hairless, covered with scales and crusts of a whitish-gray color. Usually affected nose, ears, skin near the eyes, head, neck, legs.
Treatment. Diagnose the disease on the basis of the clinical picture, ultraviolet radiation and micro-examination of scrapings. The affected area should be treated with fungicides.
Forecasts. With proper and timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Maintaining normal conditions of detention. Walking animals, cleaning, ventilation and disinfection of premises. Vaccination with low-toxic live and inactivated vaccines.
Infectious stomatitis
The disease is inflammation of the oral mucosa. Provocateurs can become thermal, mechanical, chemical and biological factors. Also, stomatitis can accompany infectious and invasive diseases, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders.
Symptoms Clinical manifestations:
- violation of chewing function;
- unwillingness to eat;
- putrid breath;
- salivation;
- the goat makes champing sounds, rubs its face against its legs;
- redness of the mucous membranes;
- erosion on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, tongue, gums;
- bubbles near the mouth and nostrils, which burst and dry, form scabs.
Infectious stomatitis is contagious to humans, caring for sick goats, it is imperative to comply with sanitary standards and use rubber gloves.
Treatment. Diagnosis of stomatitis should be differentiated from rabies. In the treatment can not irritate the mucous membranes. Animals are fed jelly, decoctions, talkers. The mouth is irrigated with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Also use a solution of soda, lugol, boric acid, rivanol (1: 1000), furatsilin (1: 5000), infusion of chamomile, string, sage. The oral cavity is also irrigated with sulfanilamide powder.
Forecasts. The disease lasts 2-3 weeks. Forecasts with timely treatment are favorable.
Prevention Vaccination is recommended. Observe sanitation and hygiene standards, clean the premises in a timely manner, keep inventory in order, keep new animals in quarantine.
Footrot
Rotting of hooves occurs due to the stick of Bacteroides nodosus, which is able to inhabit hoofed tissues for up to 5 years, and outside them for up to 15 days. Livestock infection spreads.
Symptoms If the hoof rot has a chronic course, the stratum corneum of the hoof rots, the soles and walls peel off. Signs of the disease:
- limping;
- the animal tightens its legs, licks its hooves;
- the skin between the hoof becomes reddened, inflamed, balding, swelling;
- inter-experimental space exudes an unpleasant rotten smell.
Treatment. Ill goats are separated from the herd, placed in a dry room. Affected hoof tissue is removed surgically. Hooves are disinfected - you can use, for example, formalin. Sick hooves are immersed in a 10% formalin solution for 5 minutes. Give goats antibiotics.
Forecasts. If the disease is started, gangrene of the legs is possible, and then a fatal outcome.
Prevention Hooves are wiped with chloramine. Goats can be sent to an infected pasture in two weeks - when the bacillus dies.
Noncommunicable diseases
Noncommunicable diseases are characterized by a variety of etiologies and clinical pictures. All of them arise in a single animal and are not contagious. The cause of the appearance of such diseases can be:
- mechanical trauma;
- malnutrition or malnutrition;
- violation of the conditions of detention - cold in the room, unsanitary conditions;
- poisoning by poisonous plants or poor-quality food.
Nipple cracks
The main cause of cracks in the nipples is a violation of the milking technique. The problem can also be associated with a violation of cleanliness, with poor or wet litter. The danger of cracks lies in their development into mastitis - if pathogenic bacteria get into them.
Symptoms Cracks are detected during milking. The animal experiences pain during milking. Unstable behavior of the goat is the first sign indicating the appearance of cracks.
Treatment. The udder is treated with a solution of boric acid. Lubricate the udder - you can use petroleum jelly or ghee. In order for the cracks to heal as soon as possible, an aloe leaf is applied to them, having previously cut it along. Compresses are made with alcohol tincture of nettle leaves. For treatment also suitable:
- propolis ointment;
- Solcoseryl;
- wax with boiled vegetable oil.
Forecasts. If you detect cracks in time and take measures without mastitis, then the prognosis is good.
Prevention Compliance with hygiene and milking techniques. Nutrition and cleanliness.
Mastitis (non-infectious nature)
The disease affects the mammary gland. Mastitis develops due to improper milking, trauma to the udder, poor maintenance (cold, dirt, drafts, etc.). Mastitis differ in their clinical picture, but they all develop due to microbial infection.
Symptoms Signs of the disease:
- the affected part of the udder hardens, becomes hot to the touch;
- in the milk of sick goats - flakes, sometimes even pus.
Treatment. The goat is often milked, since it is impossible for milk to aggravate the sick udder. Full udder gives the animal pain. It is recommended to rub the udder with camphor oil. The goal of treatment is to reduce the tumor and normalize lactation.
In order to have less milk, the goat is not given succulent feeds, but a laxative is given - a glass of vegetable oil and two tablespoons of glauber's salt are dissolved in 0.5 l of water. You can put a compress with vinegar and liquid clay on the udder (for 1 liter of water - 3 tablespoons of a bite). Mandatory - antibiotics. The most popular are Dorin, Ceftriaxone, Cobactan, Nitox.
Forecasts. With proper treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Regular preventive examination, the creation of normal conditions of detention, good nutrition. Factors due to which the goat can injure the udder should be eliminated. Use means for sanitizing the udder before and after milking. In order for the goat to recover breast tissue, the goat should be started 8-10 weeks before the intended lambing.
Injuries
Goats are very active animals, they often jump over obstacles, climb trees. This behavior may result in personal injury.
Symptoms Signs depend on the nature of the injury - it can be bruises, wounds, fractures - closed and open.
Treatment. Therapeutic procedures are carried out in accordance with the nature of the injury:
- Wounds should be washed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, greased with iodine and sprinkled with naphthalene.
- In the place of the bruise, the hair is cut out, the damaged area is lubricated with iodine, bandage.
- When pebbles or a splinter get into the hoof sections, the foreign body is removed, the excess horn is cut off. The inflamed area is disinfected with an antiseptic.
- When fractures impose a tire, restricting the movement of the animal.
Forecasts. The outcome of treatment depends on the severity of the injury, the correctness and timeliness of the assistance provided.
Avitaminosis
The disease is observed with a deficiency of vitamins A, B, D and E. There are vitamins that are synthesized in the body of goats, but there are those that animals can only get with food. Vitamin deficiency is observed in goats that are fed poor in copper, selenium and cobalt.
Symptoms With a lack of vitamins, the kids grow poorly, problems with the nervous system appear. Symptoms include a shaky gait, cramps, and paralysis of the legs.
Vitamin deficiency negatively affects the reproductive abilities of animals. With a lack of vitamins, goats do not breed.
Treatment. The essence of the treatment is to fill the lack of vitamins. Sick individuals are fed with special feeds and additives, give:
- fish fat;
- products that contain retinol (in the spring, the content of retinol in hay decreases);
- carrots, bran, germinated grain - sources of B vitamins;
- meat and bone meal, yeast, dairy products - this is vitamin D.
To make up for the lack of vitamin E, goats are given sodium salt of selenium.
Forecasts. Timely reaction allows you to save sick individuals. If you do not treat vitamin deficiency in kids, the mortality rate is 60%.
Rickets
Due to improper feeding, the kids have a vitamin D deficiency - rickets.
Symptoms In sick kids, the hooves are tucked up. They lack vitamins D and A. Kids who are sick with rickets are weakened.
Treatment. To bring the kids back to normal, you need a lot of time - the diet is adjusted, vitamins are injected.
Forecasts. If patiently fulfill the requirements of treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention The most reasonable thing is to prevent rickets, observing the rules of nutrition and keeping the kids. Providing vitamins A and D, as well as calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for the formation of the skeleton.
Arthritis and arthrosis
Diseases of this kind are chronic and difficult to treat.
Symptoms A change in the shape of the joint, its pain and swelling, lameness, the animal lies more, does not rest on a sore leg. Perhaps the emaciation of the animal due to difficulties in movement.
Treatment. It is necessary to ensure animal peace. It is also important to introduce alfalfa into the diet with a decrease in the proportion of concentrates, glucosamine with chondroitin. Among other things, regular massage of the affected joint with ointments or liniments for the joints, regular exercise.
Goat with joint disease
Forecasts. With proper treatment, the animal's quality of life improves.
Prevention Providing animals with a warm and dry room, a balanced diet and regular grazing.
Ketosis
Ketosis is associated with metabolic disorders. Provoking factors - lack of energy in feed, excess protein, feed with a high content of butyric acid, improper diet. At risk are overweight goats, pregnant and lactating, animals that move little and do not receive sunlight.
Symptoms Clinical signs of ketosis:
- constipation;
- lack of appetite;
- lethargy;
- rapid breathing;
- tarnished coat;
- poor weight gain;
- falling milk yield.
Treatment. Diet adjustment. Its basis should be high-quality hay from meadow herbs, green fodder, concentrates - bran, legumes, mixed fodders. Goats are given vitamins - Eleovit, Gamavit, etc. The gamavit perparat can be injected. 5% glucose solution is recommended intravenously. It is necessary to reduce the acidity of the scar - for this they give 20 g of soda daily for 2 weeks.
Forecasts. If appropriate measures are taken, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Proper feeding, taking into account the consistency of females. Remove low-quality feed from the diet. Proper silage harvesting. Regular walking of goats.
Poisoning
The poisoning is usually caused by feed treated with pesticides. Animals can also be poisoned on pasture, by eating pesticide poisoned grass, or by drinking water from sources polluted by toxins.
Symptoms Signs depend on the poison, mainly in animals observed:
- diarrhea and vomiting;
- decreased vision;
- cramps, paralysis;
- fast breathing, frequent pulse.
Treatment. Gastric lavage with a probe. They give a laxative, mucous broths, activated carbon. If the poison is identified, give the appropriate antidote.
Forecasts. The outcome of treatment depends on the toxicity of the poison, its quantity, and the timeliness of the assistance provided.
Prevention Attentive attitude to animal feeding: buy high-quality feeds, do not neglect the rules of their storage, and also avoid pastures with poisonous herbs shown below (the picture is enlarged when pressed).
Dyspepsia
This disease affects newborn kids. The reason is a violation of the digestive process and metabolism. This happens due to an unbalanced diet of the goat during its succosis and after lambing. If a goat eats improperly, the quality of its milk decreases, and along with it the immunity of the kids decreases.
Symptoms In sick kids, dehydration and intoxication are observed. Signs of dyspepsia:
- unwillingness to eat;
- diarrhea;
- feces yellow-gray, with an unpleasant odor;
- depressed state - the kids are mostly lying;
- the stomach is swollen;
- lowering body temperature.
Treatment. The order of treatment:
- Affected individuals are sent to an isolation ward.
- Transfer to therapeutic fasting, which lasts 8-12 hours.
- Drink several times a day with a heated solution of sodium chloride.
- If necessary, the veterinarian can prescribe antibiotics - Sulgin or Phthalazole.
- When improvement occurs, after 12 hours the kids can get milk.
Forecasts. If you are late with treatment for 3-4 days, the kids can die. They must often be watered with water.
Prevention Full and proper nutrition of pregnant and lactating goats.
Gastroenteritis
The cause of gastroenteritis can be the use of water or poor quality feed. The disease affects the abomasum and intestines. Young animals are usually affected. The cause of the disease can be a sharp weaning from the uterus and transfer to plant food. Kids can also get sick if they are fed by a goat suffering from mastitis.
Symptoms Initial symptoms:
- constipation, which is replaced by diarrhea;
- in the feces, mucus and blood;
- temperature increase;
- rapid breathing and pulse;
- tremors and cramps;
- rare and mild urination;
- whites of the eyes pour blood, and then turn yellow;
- lethargy, unwillingness to move;
- lack of appetite;
- no reaction to irritation - noise, touch, etc.
Treatment. Therapy depends on age:
- Adult Treatment. Drink with castor oil - to facilitate bowel movements. 5-7 days give antibiotics - Sulgin or Phthalazole. For 1 kg of weight - 0.2 g. In parallel, give drugs for disinfection of the intestine - Ichthyol, Resorcinol, Lysol. Give a decoction of oak bark, tincture of flax seeds or oats. To prevent dehydration, saline is administered subcutaneously or intravenously. For problems with heart injection, glucose.
- Treatment for kids. Separated from the herd. Feed concentrated feed. A day on a starvation diet. It is drunk with clear water. On the second day, the kids can be sent to pasture. In severe cases, they continue to be kept in the stall, feeding with high-quality grain and compound feed. In severe cases, the veterinarian will pick up medication.
Forecasts. With proper and timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention To prevent eating substandard vegetation, the herd should be promptly transferred to the stall in the autumn.
Acute tympanic scar
The disease is characteristic of the summer season. Tympania is caused by green food and is accompanied by the formation of gases in the rumen due to the fermentation of vegetation. The accumulation of gases is due to eating greens on an empty stomach, due to the large amount of water drunk before grazing. Tympanum is caused by certain herbs - vetch, alfalfa, clover. The accumulation of gases in the rumen can also be caused by corn cobs, fallen apples, cabbage foliage, carrot and beet tops, and moldy grains.
Symptoms The disease has only an acute course. Signs of the disease:
- categorical refusal of food;
- frequent tail fanning;
- the animal, looking at the stomach, constantly plaintively bleats;
- defecation becomes more frequent;
- the animal tries not to move, so as not to provoke bouts of pain.
If emergency measures are not taken in a timely manner, the symptoms increase:
- breathing quickens;
- the stomach swells;
- the animal coughs;
- the gait becomes unsteady;
- mucous membranes acquire a bluish tint;
- legs get cold.
Treatment. It is necessary to call a veterinarian. The order of treatment:
- the animal is raised vertically, placed on its hind legs;
- pulling the tongue and putting a straw tourniquet into the oral cavity;
- massage the stomach, pouring it with cool water;
- during the massage, the goat is drunk with a solution - a teaspoon of kerosene, creole or ammonia is poured into 0.5 l of water (choose one of the means).
In advanced cases, when the animal is separated from death for several minutes, resort to surgical piercing of the scar. A puncture is done with a special tool - a trocar. A puncture is made in the zone of a hungry pit.
Forecasts. If you run tympany, a fatal outcome is inevitable.
Prevention Before hatchery, goats should be fed dry hay. Goats should not be grazed early in the morning if there is dew or frost on the grass. You can not drink a herd before grazing or issuing green food.
Bronchitis (non-infectious)
When exposed to irritating substances in the air (smoke, ammonia vapor), as well as during hypothermia and deficient feeding, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi can occur. First of all, the disease affects individuals with weakened immunity. Various diseases, stresses, violation of the temperature regime, stay in a stuffy room, and a violation of the diet can provoke a drop in immunity.
Symptoms Clinical signs:
- oppression;
- lack of interest in food;
- heat;
- rapid breathing and pulse;
- wheezing in the lungs, coughing;
- mucus flows from the nose, which can have an unpleasant odor.
Treatment. Eliminate the causes of harmful substances in the air. Patients are removed from the herd in a warm and dry room. Enhances nutrition through energy-valuable feed. They give a little clean hay, legumes and mixed feed. Necessarily mineral supplements and vitamins, chalk, licks. Goats - fish oil. Individual or group inhalation is carried out with vapors of turpentine, creolin, tar, sodium bicarbonate. Prescribe antibiotics in case of infection - Penicillin or Norsulfazole.
Forecasts. With a timely response to the disease, proper treatment, good content and feeding, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Warm room without drafts. Nutrition of goats.
Parasitic diseases
The cause of parasitic diseases is living organisms that parasitize on the surface of the body or inside the body.
Pyroplasmosis
The cause of the disease is the bite of an ixodid tick.
Symptoms The disease can be diagnosed by the following symptoms:
- anemia;
- heat;
- weakness;
- red urine
- rapid pulse;
- refusal of food;
- rapid breathing;
- diarrhea;
- yellowing of the eyeballs and mouth mucosa (a sign of liver damage).
Treatment. Diamidine or Azidine is injected. Relieve symptoms, transfer to diet feeding.
Forecasts. A cure is possible. With proper treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Regular inspection of the herd.
Moniesiosis
Helminthiasis. Infection becomes noticeable after a month and a half.
The development cycle of moniesiosis: 1 - the animal eats grass along with the ground, on which soil mites infected with moniosiosis can be located; 2 - in a month and a half in the intestine of the goat adult moniesia develop (tapeworms); 3- sick animals defecate, and, together with feces, mature segments of moniesia, which lay a huge number of eggs, stand out; 4 - soil mites eat goat feces, together with moniesia eggs, and thereby become infected; 5- in the intestine of the tick, the eggs continue their development until a certain stage, until the tick is swallowed by livestock along with grass.
Symptoms Signs of infection:
- weight loss;
- dull hair;
- refusal of feed;
- apathy;
- mucous feces, in which fragments of helminths are visible.
Treatment. They give copper sulfate (in the form of a 1% solution inside, no more than 60 ml per head) or preparations - Fenasal, Panakur, Kambendazole.
Forecasts. Moniesiosis is especially dangerous for kids. If left untreated, the worms completely block the intestines, the animal dies.
Prevention For the prevention of goats, deworming 4 times: the first time 14-16 days after pasture in the pasture; the second - 15-20 days after the first deworming, the third - 25-30 days after the second, then once in September.
Fascioliasis
The disease refers to helminthiases. Flat helminths - fascioli, settle in the liver, bile ducts. Infection - in the pasture, and then one animal can infect the entire herd.
1 - the animal drinks water or eats pond grass infected with fascioliasis; 2 - the larva enters the intestines of the goat, and then enters the bloodstream and reaches the liver through it, and stops in the bile ducts, continues its development to the stage of mature fasciola; 3 - helminth eggs go outside together with the animal's feces (for their further development it is necessary that they fall into the water); 4 - a larva (miracidium) is formed from an egg, which floats in water and after a while is swallowed by ponds (snails); 5 - the larvae undergo further development, being in the body of the snail; 6 - after 1-2 months, cercariae (tailed larvae) form, which emerge from the mollusk and attach to the plants (then the cercariae drop their tail and close in a dense shell to maintain their viability even if the plants are mowed and dried).
Symptoms Signs of infection:
- temperature up to 42 ° С;
- oppression;
- refusal of feed;
- diarrhea and constipation;
- swollen chest and lower jaw;
- anemia;
- the mucous membranes are first pale, then yellowed.
Treatment. Reception of anthelmintic drugs - Acetvikol, Ursermit, Fazineks or others.
Forecasts. If left untreated, exhaustion and death occurs, with timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention Do not graze animals near a pond. If this is not possible, prophylactic deworming is required before stalling and 3 months later.
Echinococcosis
Pathogens - larvae of cestodes. Parasitize in the body, penetrating the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys. Danger to humans. An animal can eat eggs and segments of cestodes with food - then infection occurs.
Echinococcus Life Cycle
Symptoms Signs of infection:
- weight loss;
- gastrointestinal tract disorders;
- jaundice;
- coughing and shortness of breath - if parasites have settled in the lungs.
Treatment. There is no effective treatment. The outcome is unfavorable.
Prevention Do not allow dogs into livestock buildings, feed storage areas, walking areas and pastures, regular deworming of dogs with any broad-spectrum anthelmintic agents.
Linnosis
Infection with lice when crowded.
Symptoms Signs of lice infection:
- the animal is constantly itchy;
- with a large number of lice - restless behavior;
- on the head and chest - dermatitis.
Treatment. They are treated with insecticides - emulsions, aerosols. Subjected to recycling after 2 weeks. Preparations - Chlorofos, Foxim, Insectol and others.
Forecasts. It is easier to cure the animal at an early stage, timely destroying the larvae.
Prevention Feeding quality feed. Compliance with sanitation.
Caring for the health of goats allows not only to maintain livestock, but also to maintain high herd productivity. Timely vaccination, regular examination by a veterinarian and attentive attitude to animals are the key to the health of the whole herd.
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Russia. City Novosibirsk
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