Under the general name "goats," "goats" combine tubular mushrooms of the boletus family (the genus of butterdishes), ranked in the fourth category of value. In mushroom pickers, they are not very popular, but edible, and taste like butter. Some of these mushrooms are used even for medicinal purposes.
Mushroom Kozlyak
In wet weather, goat mushrooms are covered with mucus
Kozlyak (Suillus bovinus) is a tubular fungus of the Boletov family
Mushroom description
Edible goats are medium-sized edible mushrooms that grow in Russia throughout the northern temperate zone. The traditional name of the mushroom has many synonyms. In different regions - it’s its own: a lattice - for the fact that its lower part resembles a sieve, a marshland (marshland) - for growing in swamps, and other popular nicknames (hornet, hell, scorrel, flywort, ivanchik, sheep, mullein etc.).
Outwardly, the kids look like butterflies, and some mistakenly put them in a basket instead of boletus. With the latter, the color of the hat is really similar: yellowish or reddish-brown, red-brown, ocher. Its diameter usually reaches 4-12 cm. The skin is difficult to remove from the cap. It is smooth to the touch, and in wet weather it is covered with mucus. The shape of the hat is pillow-shaped, convex or flat-convex; it changes with age: it becomes flat or blurry. The spores are yellow, smooth.
Other characteristic features of a kid:
- Leg 1-2 cm thick, up to 10 cm long. Matte, dense, cylindrical in shape, often curved and has a thickening down.
- The color of the legs and hats is the same.
- The pulp is elastic, in the leg is red or brown in color, in the hat is pale yellow, yellow. It turns pink on the cut.
- Downward or slightly downward tubular layer. In young mushrooms, it is gray-yellow, yellowing as it grows older, and by age it acquires a brown color. The edges become torn.
- Tubules (about 8 mm high) usually grow to the legs and are difficult to separate from the pulp of the hat.
- If you taste the pulp, sourness is felt. The taste is usually inexpressive, and the smell is pleasant.
Where and when does a kid grow?
Lattices form mycorrhiza with pine, therefore they grow in coniferous forests, dry pine forests, on acidic poor soils, in moist places. They like sections along roads, marshy areas. Often, the kids grow next to the pink spruce (Gomphidus roseus), which parasitizes on them. Nearby you can find cloudberries, blueberries - berries that prefer moist places. Rich goat crops are harvested after heavy rain. They occur singly or in small groups.
The maturing period of the kids is from June to November. In most regions, in August and September.
The distribution area of the lattice is wide enough. He grows:
- in Europe and in the European territory of Russia;
- in the North Caucasus;
- in Siberia;
- in the Far East;
- in the Urals.
What mushrooms grow in central Russia can be found in this article.
How to assemble the grate?
In the summer months from July to August and the beginning of September, peak yields of kids are observed. By October there are very few of them. It is advisable to choose young fruiting bodies, and bypass the old ones, as they accumulate harmful components in themselves. It is especially dangerous to pluck fruit bodies along highways and in industrial areas of existing enterprises. Goats absorb radioactive substances, exhaust gases.
When assembling the grate, you need to take only strong, whole specimens. Listen to their smell (it should be a pleasant mushroom), outwardly unfamiliar mushrooms - having a strange shade - bypass. Kids, unfortunately, are original champions of worminess. Both hats and legs are spoiled. It is advisable to immediately cut and discard the wormy parts of the swamps.
For beginner mushroom pickers, an overview of the "Kids" mushrooms is provided in the video below:
Nutrition value and taste of the mushroom
It differs from the relatives of the goat in that it is better - almost 70% - absorbed by the body. And calorie content - in 100 g, only 20 kilocalories. However, to taste this mushroom is lost to many of the same oils. For this they do not like. The guards do not have a pronounced taste, which is why neutral dishes are obtained from them. To eliminate the bitterness, which is often present in fruiting bodies growing in moist coniferous forests, it is necessary to boil the fruiting body in salt water.
Goats are suitable for winter harvesting: drying, salting, at least for frying and soups. Powder is made from dried specimens, which will be an excellent basis for making gravy, mashed soups, sauces. In addition, young mushrooms are used for cooking jam in syrup (for example, orange).
More than for palatability, the grill is valued for its component composition. The product contains:
- amino acids - lecithin, tryptophan, glycogen polysaccharide;
- carotene;
- B, D, PP vitamins;
- phosphates.
Connoisseurs of traditional medicine say that it has a solitary and healing properties, because it contains a strong substance - nebulinar. Thanks to him, the goat has an antimicrobial effect.
The use of these mushrooms in folk medicine:
- Compress from fresh hats helps relieve pain with bruises, joint inflammation.
- The tincture of the skin and spongy base under the hat is used to increase immunity.
- In bacterial infections, the kids are used as a concentrate of extract from a raw mushroom. Effectively and with herpes, purulent wounds.
- Alcohol tincture (grinding) is used for radiculitis, gout, osteochondrosis.
- In cosmetology, an infusion of fresh kids is used as a lotion, it eliminates skin peeling and irritation.
Mushroom processing
In order for the mushroom to retain all the beneficial properties, it must be properly cooked. Little kids need to be soaked for a long time and subjected to additional heat treatment. If you plan to make mushroom soup, the fruit bodies are pre-soaked in hot water, put on fire and allowed to boil. Then the liquid is drained and the soup is cooked in clean water. The foam that appears on the surface of the pan must be removed. After processing, the goats acquire an unusual purple color.
When you plan to preserve mushrooms for the winter, you can do this in several ways. For example, dry by hanging or laying in the sun for several days. From kids get a great roast (with potatoes and onions) and a stew (mushrooms in sour cream with carrots and herbs). In salads, goats are combined with eggs, chicken breast, turkey, rice, fried onions. Delicious and pickled mushrooms, and dried.
Doubles and false species of kids
Going into the forest in search of edible mushrooms, you need to know what their inedible counterparts look like. The kid does not have false subspecies, but it can be easily confused with pepper mushroom. It also belongs to the Boletaceae family, the genus Maslyat, grows in the same places (coniferous, moist forests). The pepperbox is not eaten because of taste, as well as toxicity, although some believe: it is allowed to add to the dish as a seasoning. Inexperienced people should not put this mushroom in the basket.
How to distinguish pepper mushroom from a kid? External differences are as follows:
- Fruit bodies of the lattice are larger.
- The pepper shaker hat is dry to the touch.
- The pores of pepper mushroom are painted in a more reddish shade.
- The flesh of the kids is not pungent.
Do kids grow up?
Like other representatives of the Boletovs, the kids can be raised at home. But the kids are not suitable for further sale, because these mushrooms are not popular. Planting a plantation is recommended only for personal consumption.
How to grow a lattice:
- Mycelium is planted in boxes filled with substrate at any time of the year, but it is advisable to do this from September to April-May, which will speed up the process of obtaining crops.
- Pieces of mycelium are placed in the holes made in the drawers — from 10 to 15 — and covered with a substrate.
- During the winter months, the mycelium will grow. In the spring it is planted in the ground.
- It is first necessary to prepare the wells: mix the ground with wet sawdust.
- Pits for planting are dug up not far from the coniferous tree. Their diameter is about 10 cm, depth - 20 cm.
- Each well with mycelium is slowly poured with a liter of water with lime (per bucket of 50 g) to disinfect the soil.
- The mushroom picker needs top dressing. Landings are covered with a layer of branches, moss, leaves.
- On hot days, the soil around the holes must be moistened: once a week, 2-4 buckets of water are poured onto each tree.
Although the goatberry can not be called popular, these mushrooms have good taste and contain amino acids that are beneficial to humans. They are easy to find in the forest, identify with other mushrooms externally. Little goats do not need additional soaking, and cooking them is simple. Good pickles and hot dishes come out of them (powder soups, fries with potatoes).
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Russia. City: Emelyanovo
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