More than 20% of the Samara region is covered with forests and oak forests, so mushroom picking is a popular activity among local residents. Since spring, mushrooms of the Samara region in 2019 will delight all lovers of "quiet hunting" with an abundance.
Mushrooms in the Samara region in 2019
Types of mushrooms
Forest "quiet hunting" begins in May, lasts all summer and ends with the arrival of cold weather. This is due to the temperate continental climate of the Samara region.
Edible mushrooms of the Samara region
Depending on the season, different types of such organisms appear in the forests. In the spring, by the end of May, mushroom pickers collect:
- morels;
- lines;
- May mushrooms;
- field mushrooms.
On the trunks of birches and oaks, sponges (tinder fungi) are found suitable for food. They have a rich flavor and are quick to cook.
When collecting tinder fungi, it is important not to forget that only young fruiting bodies are suitable for food.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Edible polypores belong to the 4th category of edibility. Their young bodies can be eaten, but they must be boiled beforehand. Then they can be subjected to any cooking method. Old tinder fungi are not suitable for these purposes due to the great rigidity of their pulp. Collect tinder fungi in the fall, while the fruiting bodies are still soft and soaked for 12 hours. In this case, the water must be changed every 1.5 hours - this is a prerequisite. After that, the mushrooms are finely chopped and boiled well for 40 minutes. Undercooked mushrooms will taste sweet and tough. Moreover, the sweetness cannot be removed even with huge portions of spices. Therefore, when cooking them, you must definitely taste them.
New varieties are added in June. These are boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, chanterelles, pigs, porcini mushrooms, podgruzdki. Some of them feel better in open meadows, while others hide under last year's foliage or huddle at the foot of pines and firs.
In August appear:
- black milk mushrooms;
- greenfinches;
- honey mushrooms
- boletus;
- boletus.
These varieties of mushroom pickers are found in mixed and coniferous forests.
Honey mushrooms grow on fallen trees, old rotten stumps (hence their name). They are referred to as lamellar organisms. They grow up as whole families. Their cap is located on a long thin stem, and its color ranges from red-brown to beige-brown.
Redhead and boletus form a good mycorrhiza with aspens. Entire families are found under deciduous trees. They have a tasty fleshy leg that is tall, white and thickened downwards. The cap is brownish or yellowish-red.
Birch trees are found in birch groves and mixed forests. They have a tubular hymenophore, a brownish-brown, dense and flattened cap. A scaly brownish-black pattern is visible on the stem.
Boletus grows in pine and spruce forests. They have a fleshy and semicircular cap, slightly slimy on top, dense, light yellow in color. There is a white film ring on the leg.
Rare species
Rare species in the Samara region include:
- truffles;
- morels;
- hedgehog.
The soil and climate are favorable for the reproduction of myceliums, the development and formation of mycorrhiza with various types of woody plants. Expensive black Russian truffles of the Тubеr аеstivum species can only be found by the lucky ones.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Happy owners of harvested truffles can diversify their table with them. And in order not to spoil such an expensive mushroom, it is important:
- remove all the soil from the surface of the truffle and wash it thoroughly just before eating. It is necessary to clean the mushroom perfectly, because you only need to cut it with a shell;
- after washing, the fruiting body must be dried with a paper towel;
- for slicing, the so-called. truffle slicer.
Thin slices of truffle or its shavings, it is recommended to season pasta, soufflé, rice, veal, omelettes, fish or chicken.
Specially trained dogs help in the search. Morels are their basidial variety.
Near Samara, rare species of blackjack are found: orange, coral and notched.
Poisonous mushrooms of the Samara region
Poisonous mushrooms are life-threatening
Gathering wild mushrooms without knowing what edible mushrooms look like, but how poisonous they look, is life-threatening. You can't just rely on their appearance. The bright blushing fly agaric is incredibly poisonous and capable of poisoning more than one person.
Poisonous varieties include:
- false foaming;
- vomiting russula;
- alder moth;
- comb silverfish;
- death cap;
- fly agaric;
- the gallery is bordered.
False honey mushroom looks like its edible counterpart, but smaller in size. A close examination shows that its leg is thinner and there is no film on it. The cap is flatter and grayish-yellow, with a characteristic red spot in the center.
The body of the moth is similar to the body of a honey fungus, only there are small scales inside the cap. The mushroom is classified as inedible, low-poisonous.
The most common lamellar type is the russule emetic. It has a bright red cap, a fragile leg and a dense fleshy body. A characteristic difference is the cap pressed against the leg. In an edible russula, the edges of the cap are raised high, slightly bent upward. The poisonous specimen has a disgustingly bitter taste, which saves many newcomers from death.
The edible corymbose umbrella has a poisonous sister - the comb silverfish. Its accidental ingestion is fraught with severe poisoning. The cap of a venomous individual is in the shape of a dome or saucer, whitish with brownish-red scales, rests on a thin hollow creamy leg. The stem has a pink tint and a slight extension at its base.
It is not difficult to distinguish a poisonous sister, its white fibrous pulp has a sour taste.
Mushroom places of the Samara region
The map of mushroom places in the Samara region in 2019 is very extensive. By bus "Samara-Bogatoe" they reach the village of Malyshevka. Nearby there is a forest where morels and oyster mushrooms are harvested.
From the river station they get to the village of Shiryaevo. In the district there are families of honey agarics, placers of boletus and oyster mushrooms.
Sergievsky district is famous for its birch groves, in which boletus and white milk mushrooms grow. Honey mushrooms are found in old thickets and thickets. To get to the place, they first get to Sukhodol by bus "Samara-Sukhodol" or "Samara-Sergievsk". They get off at the Sukhodolsky Turn stop and walk a kilometer towards Ufa.
The forests located near the village of Bogatoe, in the Bogatovsky district, are famous for mushrooms, boletus, oyster mushrooms and noble porcini mushrooms. These mushroom places give harvests until the end of summer. Ryzhiks are also found in September.
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Behind the village of Mezkhavod, in the suburbs of Samara, rich harvests of whites and honey agarics are gathered. Buses and minibuses go there.
From the railway station along the Moskovskoe highway there is a minibus 410A, on which they quickly reach the village. Novosemeikino, where oyster mushrooms, mushrooms and boletus are waiting.
Conclusion
In the Samara region, with due diligence, mushroom pickers will not be left without forest delicacies. Mushroom spots are widespread in this area. The dishes prepared from them will delight the most fastidious gourmet with taste and aroma.